Proper nouns
Level: beginner
Names of people, places and organisations are called proper nouns. We spell proper nouns with a capital letter:
| Muhammad Ali | Birmingham | China | Oxford University | the United Nations |
We use capital letters for festivals:
| Christmas | Deepavali | Easter | Ramadan | Thanksgiving |
We use capital letters for people's titles:
I was talking to Doctor Wilson recently.
Everything depends on President Obama.
When we give the names of books, films, plays and paintings, we use capital letters for the nouns, adjectives and verbs in the name:
I have been reading The Old Man and the Sea.
Beatrix Potter wrote The Tale of Peter Rabbit.
You can see the Mona Lisa in the Louvre.
Level: intermediate
Sometimes we use a person's name to refer to something they have created:
Recently a Van Gogh was sold for 15 million dollars.
We were listening to Mozart.
I'm reading an Agatha Christie.
- Proper nouns
Comments
I searched “jean” and “jeans”, i found meaning of both. In part Things With Two Parts, it’s written that jeans don’t have singular form?
Hello MBenham,
When we talk about the item of clothing, 'jeans' is always plural.
In British English, there is no singular form. To talk about the material, we use the word 'denim'.
A search for 'jean' in the Cambridge Dictionary gives no entry:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/spellcheck/english/?q=jean
In other dialects of English, it may be that there is a use of the singular form, but it is certainly not common.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Tnx
Hello. Today, my colleagues have a discussion session about the following two sentences:
1- Half of the staff in my school are/is under the age of 40.
2- All the staff are/is invited to the meeting.
3- Our staff meet, meets to discuss the company’s progress.
Some say that "singular verb" and "plural verb" are both correct. But others argue that only "plural verbs" is correct with the words such as "all", "half", "some", "rest".
Which one is grammatically correct?
Thank you.
Hello Ahmed Imam,
The verb agrees with the noun, so if the noun is countable and plural then a plural verb is used. If the noun is countable singular or uncountable then a singular verb is used.
For example:
Half of the cheese is gone! [cheese=uncountable so a singular verb is needed]
Half of the people are missing! [people=plural so a plural verb is needed]
~
The complicating factor in your examples is that the noun 'staff' can be used as a singular noun or a plural noun, similar to 'team', 'police', 'government' and so on. Thus, both singular and plural are possible.
~
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Could you help me with the following? - In the sentences like 'Recently a Van Gogh was sold for fifteen million dollars.' / 'We were listening to Mozart.' / 'I’m reading an Agatha Christie.' - are the words 'Van Gogh' / 'Mozart' / 'Agatha Christie.' still considred to be proper nouns?
Hello oyc,
Yes, they are and that is why they are capitalised. The figure of speech here is metonymy, which means describing a thing or concept by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept. For example, in informal language a pejorative term for 'business people' is 'suits':
When the thing referred to is a proper noun, it retains its capitalisation:
Here, 'the White House' means 'the President'.
'Silicon Vally' means 'the tech/computer industry'
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Dear Teachers
I have a question about the word "high street". I found on the internet that this word is widely used as a proper noun beginning with the capital letter like "High Street". But is it also possible to use it as a common noun, too? In other word, are these sentences interchangeable, maintaining the same meaning?
1.) It is wise of the bird to build its nest in a tree on a "busy" street.
2.) It is wise of the bird to build its nest in a tree on a "high" street.
(The first one is the example sentence I saw in my English class.)
Thank you,
Best Regards
Hello Ysato201602
Yes, some streets are named 'High Street', but in British English, the 'high street' also refers to a street or area where the most important or famous shops are located.
Both of your sentences are correct (though we usually say 'the high street') and mean mostly the same thing. The difference is that there are many busy streets in a city, but only one high street.
All the best
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Dear Mr. Kirk
Thank you very much for your answer! I could understand the difference between “busy street” and “high street” very clearly!
Best Regards
YSATO201602
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