The state of the world

The state of the world

Read an article about the state of the world to practise and improve your reading skills.

Do the preparation task first. Then read the text and do the exercises.

Preparation

Reading text

If your view of the world comes from watching the news and reading newspapers, you could be forgiven for lying awake at night worrying about the future. Apparently, rising violence and population rates mean humans are both killing each other in ever larger numbers and being born at rates the world's resources can't sustain. To make matters worse, all the wealth is concentrated on a handful of people in the world's richest countries. People in low-income countries live in poverty while the West gets richer. Depressing, isn't it?

But do the statistics support our negative world view or is the world actually improving?

Let's take global population first. It's around 7 billion now, in line with figures predicted by the UN in 1958. By the year 2100, the same experts predict it will be around 11 billion. But did you know that 11 billion is probably as high as that number will get? The rate of increase will slow down in the second half of this century thanks to falling birth rates today.

Falling birth rates? Yes, that's right.

In the last two centuries, improvements in technology and health meant fewer children died young, fuelling rapid population growth. These large families produced even more children who survived into adulthood and had their own children. But with the wider availability of contraception in the 1960s, the global average number of babies per woman has declined from six babies per woman to as low as two.

The biggest factor in child mortality is poverty. And while it's still true that only 20 per cent of the world takes about 74 per cent of the world's income, 60 per cent of the world now falls into a middle-income group, with 11.6 per cent – the smallest amount of people in history – still living in conditions of extreme poverty. If the majority of the world's people have money, international aid could realistically achieve the UN target of eradicating poverty by 2030. As poverty goes down, life expectancy goes up, birth rates go down because parents can expect their existing children to survive, and the global population stabilises.

As for news stories that make us think the world is an increasingly violent place, there is cause for some optimism too. Between the end of World War II and 1990, there were 30 wars that killed more than 100,000 people. Today there are still civil wars, but countries are mostly co-existing more peacefully than in the past. However, terrorism has shot up in the last few years and, since World War II, wars have killed many more civilians than soldiers. Even for civilians, though, the statistics are not all bad. Although deaths are nine times more likely to be a result of violent crime than political conflict, the global murder rate fell slightly, from 8 per 100,000 people in 2000 to about 5.3 in 2015.

Of course, none of this means the world is perfect, and whether you personally are affected by war and poverty is often down to the lottery of where you're born. Also, we still face huge problems of our own making, particularly environmental ones like global warming, and wealth and natural resources need to be distributed more fairly. But not all the news is bad news, whatever the TV and newspapers might say.

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Average: 4.1 (21 votes)

Submitted by jbirir on Tue, 20/08/2019 - 01:39

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I am very optimistic and I don't let everything reported in the media change that.

Submitted by Marcos Jardim on Fri, 09/08/2019 - 15:52

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Without a shadow of a doubt, this text is one of the best I've ever read. We are so aware that poverty can bring so many bad things to the world, we have to play our role and try to stop it from growing.

Submitted by Amany Elashry on Tue, 23/07/2019 - 08:37

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This article is one of the best articles that I have read in this website. I am not optimistic at all about the world. There so many problems that face bthe world either environmental or political. For examples, Acid rain is a catastrophic issue that may destroy forests, food chains and all creatures on the Earth. All governments all over the world should co-operate to struggle this problem and it's reasons. Wars due to political problems are depressing factor.For examples, Syria and Yamen have become breading ground for insects, diseases and poverty. Millions of refugees are immigrating each day to search for a shelter or a safe country that may accept them. Large numbers of people are out of control, with out papers and with out hope.

Submitted by Walid on Tue, 16/07/2019 - 13:18

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Actually, this article is one of the most interesting article that I have read in this website, yes, one of my continues concern is the poverty in the world and rising crime rates in addition to the worst threaten issue which is the corruption , I strongly believe that corruption is one of the most dangerous holes in our global ship which is contributing in our sinking or drowning if we don't stop this issue or reduce it at least. let us spread the world about this serious problem and let us start from our self to maintain discipline and being commitment by lows and rules and integrity.