Wishes: 'wish' and 'if only'

Do you know how to use wish and if only to talk about things you would like to change? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

Look at these examples to see how wish and if only are used.

That guy is so annoying! I wish he'd stop talking.
I wish I lived closer to my family.
If only I hadn't lost her phone number. She must think I'm so rude for not calling her.
I wish they wouldn't park their car in front of my house.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Grammar test 1: 'wish' and 'if only': Grammar test 1

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

We use wish and if only to talk about things that we would like to be different in either the present or the past. If only is usually a bit stronger than wish.

In the present

We can use wish/if only + a past form to talk about a present situation we would like to be different.

I wish you didn't live so far away.
If only we knew what to do.
He wishes he could afford a holiday.

In the past

We can use wish/if only + a past perfect form to talk about something we would like to change about the past.

They wish they hadn't eaten so much chocolate. They're feeling very sick now.
If only I'd studied harder when I was at school.

Expressing annoyance

We can use wish + would(n't) to show that we are annoyed with what someone or something does or doesn't do. We often feel that they are unlikely or unwilling to change.

I wish you wouldn't borrow my clothes without asking.
I wish it would rain. The garden really needs some water.
She wishes he'd work less. They never spend any time together.

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Grammar test 2: 'wish' and 'if only': Grammar test 2

Try another grammar lesson

Language level

B2 Upper intermediate

Hi Kirk, sorry but I have difficulty learning and understand how and when I use the time ( past participle, past simple, future, ...) where can I study these and improve the use? thank you

Hi ilnicholas87,

That's a very big topic.

One thing that's important to remember is that time (when an action happens) and tense (forms of the verb) are not the same thing. We can use past tense, for example, to talk about the present or even the future.

It's also important to remember that time is not the only important element of a verb's meaning. Aspect, which deals with things like whether an action is permanent or temporary, finished or unfinished, repeated or singular and so on, is also very important.

The grammar pages on LearnEnglish have a section on verbs. You can find it here:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference/verbs

On the right you'll see links to different aspects of the verb system. The pages on talking about the past, present and future would be a good place to start, I think.

Peter

The LearnEnglish Team

I wish she _____ her shoes there. I'm always falling over them. How am I supposed know that he/she is annoyed. The traffic on the roads was terrible. I wish we _____ the train instead! In this it seems like they are annoyed but they are not, why? And How am I supposed to know that they are annoyed or not? I have read the above rules but I want more explanation as it is so confusing. Kindly clear my doubts.

Hello ltspb008

In the first question you ask about, the sentence 'I'm always falling over them' indicates that the speaker isn't happy about the woman leaving her shoes in that place. It also tells us that it's a regular occurrence. So the only answer that is grammatically correct and which fits the situation is 'wouldn't leave'.

In the second question, the first sentence ('The traffic on the roads was terrible.') indicates a past context. The answer 'had caught' refers to an imaginary past and is the only answer that makes sense grammatically here.

Hope this helps.

All the best

Kirk

The LearnEnglish Team

Hello caroluska,

I would say that this is a non-standard form. If the action was performed and we are not happy about that fact then the normal way to express it is wish + past perfect - I wish I hadn't done that.

In some dialects and social groups non-standard forms become common, so you may have come across it for that reason.

Peter

The LearnEnglish Team

Hi Sir, For the following question, is not it talking about the present and hence we should use " bought" instead of " had bought"? Q: It looks like rain. I wish I ____ my umbrella. would have brought had brought brought Best regards

Hi wycam10,

The key here is the verb bring. The act of bringing (or not bringing) is a past act; the act of having (or not having) is the present result of that action. Thus, we use a past perfect form for bring but would use a past form for have:

I wish I had brought my umbrella.

I wish I had my umbrella with me.

Peter

The LearnEnglish Team

Dear Admin, Referring to the question below, why " were " is used after "he" instead of "was"? Q: If only he _____ here now. He'd know what to do. A: were Thanks.

Hello wcyam10

When we speak about an unreal or hypothetical situation, we use a past verb form, even though we are speaking about the present.

When we use the past simple of the verb 'be' to express this kind of meaning, it's acceptable to use 'were' with any person, that is, not only with 'you', 'we' and 'they', but also with 'I' and 'she/he/it'. (It's also correct to use 'was' with 'I' and 'she/he/it'.)

This has to do with older forms of English which still linger in the way we speak it nowadays.

All the best

Kirk

The LearnEnglish Team

Wishes: 'wish' and 'if only'

Grammar explanation

In the present

In the past

Expressing annoyance

Language level

Online courses