Look at these examples to see how wish and if only are used.
That guy is so annoying! I wish he'd stop talking.
I wish I lived closer to my family.
If only I hadn't lost her phone number. She must think I'm so rude for not calling her.
I wish they wouldn't park their car in front of my house.
Try this exercise to test your grammar.
- Grammar test 1
Read the explanation to learn more.
Grammar explanation
We use wish and if only to talk about things that we would like to be different in either the present or the past. If only is usually a bit stronger than wish.
In the present
We can use wish/if only + a past form to talk about a present situation we would like to be different.
I wish you didn't live so far away.
If only we knew what to do.
He wishes he could afford a holiday.
In the past
We can use wish/if only + a past perfect form to talk about something we would like to change about the past.
They wish they hadn't eaten so much chocolate. They're feeling very sick now.
If only I'd studied harder when I was at school.
Expressing annoyance
We can use wish + would(n't) to show that we are annoyed with what someone or something does or doesn't do. We often feel that they are unlikely or unwilling to change.
I wish you wouldn't borrow my clothes without asking.
I wish it would rain. The garden really needs some water.
She wishes he'd work less. They never spend any time together.
Do this exercise to test your grammar again.
- Grammar test 2
Hello B. Batnayam,
Both sentences describe imaginary situations. Often in English, when we talk about imaginary or counter-factual situations, we move the verb form one step into the past. Thus, to talk about an imaginary present we use wish + past simple. To talk about an imaginary past, we use wish + past perfect.
For example:
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello bebers1,
Both 'was' and 'were' (without capital letters) are possible here.
The form 'were' is a subjunctive form which used to be more common in English. Nowadays the present simple if more often used, but the subjunctive is still used with the verb 'be'.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Inci Ozturk,
You're right in thinking that 'could' can be used to speak about possibility, but it is also used to speak about ability, and that is the meaning here.
All the best,
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello again Inci Ozturk,
You can use 'could' after 'if only', e.g. 'If only I could travel! I'd really like to go and visit my family', but I'm not sure if that's what you mean.
Could you give an example? It's difficult to give a general rule without knowing precisely what you mean.
All the best,
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Nandintsetseg,
You can read about 'could' on our 'can' and 'could' grammar page. If you have any more specific questions, please don't hesitate to ask us there.
All the best
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Gayane Dayan,
Yes, you can use either form in that sentence.
Didn't rain expresses a counter-factual idea (it does rain > I wish it didn't/if only it didn't).
Wouldn't rain is an example of anthropomorphism. It implies that the weather has a will of its own and has decided to rain. This is similar to sentences like My computer won't work, where won't means something like refuses to.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Birgit17
You could also say 'If only there were a restaurant open now' -- that is also correct and means the same thing. You can use 'was' or 'were' for all subjects in statements about wishes or imaginary situations (e.g. 'If I were you, I wouldn't do that').
All the best
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello khalid Ibrahim
It's sometimes a little tricky to see, but in our exercises, the speaker says something to express their annoyance. Look, for example, at the first three sentences of Task 2:
In 1, since they say 'before they started the project', it's clearly a past time. It's possible the speaker is annoyed, but since they're talking about a past event, 'would ask' is not grammatically correct. The only possibility is 'had asked'.
In 2, there is no expression of annoyance, so 'would travel' doesn't make any sense; 'could travel' is the answer.
In 3, 'I'm always falling over them' expresses annoyance with something that happens repeatedly, therefore 'wouldn't leave' is the correct answer.
I hope this helps. If you have any further questions, we're happy to help, but please tell us which specific question you are confused about and tell us what you think the correct answer is.
All the best
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Justme,
I'm afraid we don't provide help of this sort. We're a small team here and we try to provide as much help as we can for users with questions about the English language, but we can't help with homework or tests from elsewhere.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi ilnicholas87,
That's a very big topic.
One thing that's important to remember is that time (when an action happens) and tense (forms of the verb) are not the same thing. We can use past tense, for example, to talk about the present or even the future.
It's also important to remember that time is not the only important element of a verb's meaning. Aspect, which deals with things like whether an action is permanent or temporary, finished or unfinished, repeated or singular and so on, is also very important.
The grammar pages on LearnEnglish have a section on verbs. You can find it here:
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference/verbs
On the right you'll see links to different aspects of the verb system. The pages on talking about the past, present and future would be a good place to start, I think.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello ltspb008
In the first question you ask about, the sentence 'I'm always falling over them' indicates that the speaker isn't happy about the woman leaving her shoes in that place. It also tells us that it's a regular occurrence. So the only answer that is grammatically correct and which fits the situation is 'wouldn't leave'.
In the second question, the first sentence ('The traffic on the roads was terrible.') indicates a past context. The answer 'had caught' refers to an imaginary past and is the only answer that makes sense grammatically here.
Hope this helps.
All the best
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello caroluska,
I would say that this is a non-standard form. If the action was performed and we are not happy about that fact then the normal way to express it is wish + past perfect - I wish I hadn't done that.
In some dialects and social groups non-standard forms become common, so you may have come across it for that reason.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi wycam10,
The key here is the verb bring. The act of bringing (or not bringing) is a past act; the act of having (or not having) is the present result of that action. Thus, we use a past perfect form for bring but would use a past form for have:
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello wcyam10
When we speak about an unreal or hypothetical situation, we use a past verb form, even though we are speaking about the present.
When we use the past simple of the verb 'be' to express this kind of meaning, it's acceptable to use 'were' with any person, that is, not only with 'you', 'we' and 'they', but also with 'I' and 'she/he/it'. (It's also correct to use 'was' with 'I' and 'she/he/it'.)
This has to do with older forms of English which still linger in the way we speak it nowadays.
All the best
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team