Look at these examples to see how third and mixed conditionals are used.
We would have walked to the top of the mountain if the weather hadn't been so bad.
If we'd moved to Scotland when I was a child, I would have a Scottish accent now.
If she was really my friend, she wouldn't have lied to me.
Try this exercise to test your grammar.
- Grammar test 1
Read the explanation to learn more.
Grammar explanation
Do you know how to use third and mixed conditionals?
Third conditionals and mixed conditionals
Conditionals describe the result of a certain condition. The if clause tells you the condition (If I hadn't been ill) and the main clause tells you the result (I would have gone to the party). The order of the clauses does not change the meaning.
If I hadn't been ill, I would have gone to the party.
I would have gone to the party if I hadn't been ill.
Conditional sentences are often divided into different types.
Third conditional
The third conditional is used to imagine a different past. We imagine a change in a past situation and the different result of that change.
If I had understood the instructions properly, I would have passed the exam.
We wouldn't have got lost if my phone hadn't run out of battery.
In third conditional sentences, the structure is usually: If + past perfect >> would have + past participle.
Mixed conditionals
We can use mixed conditionals when we imagine a past change with a result in the present or a present change with a result in the past.
1. Past/Present
Here's a sentence imagining how a change in a past situation would have a result in the present.
If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my current partner.
So the structure is: If + past perfect >> would + infinitive.
2. Present/Past
Here's a sentence imagining how a different situation in the present would mean that the past was different as well.
It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday.
And the structure is: If + past simple >> would have + past participle.
Do this exercise to test your grammar again.
- Grammar test 2
Hi The LearnEnglish Team!
Please comment what should we use: "were" or "was" in the if clause in Conditional 2?
As I learned in the past it's only "were" to be used there. But more often I see "was" in this construction.
Hi Beatrix_84,
Both are correct and acceptable :) Traditionally, "were" was considered the correct form, but in modern usage people say both "were" and "was". We have a few examples of this on our other Conditionals page (linked).
I hope that helps.
Jonathan
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi Jonathan,
That's what I thought:) Thanks a lot for your help!
In this sentence , " If the train had been on time , I wouldn't have missed the meeting " .Why can't we use "I wouln't miss the meeting " as a change in the past could change the present ?
Hello Abdullah.23,
It's possible to use that combination of verb tenses, but in this particular situation it doesn't really make sense in English.
For example, you could say 'If the train had been on time, I would be at the meeting now' and this would be correct. Like the incorrect answer you were asking about, the verbs are 'had been' and 'would be' (though of course it's not negative).
The problem with 'If the train had been on time, I wouldn't miss the meeting' is that when the speaker knows arriving to the meeting on time is impossible, in a sense the meeting has already been missed. In other words, even if the meeting hasn't started yet, if we know there is no way we can arrive, we consider that we've already missed it. Pyschologically-speaking, missing the meeting isn't really present or future -- it's already passed.
Does that make sense?
All the best,
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi The LearnEnglish Team,
This sentence is from Mixed Conditionals, Present/Past section:
"It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday."
I understand the speaker is speaking in present because this part indicates this: "It's really important. ...". So why to use 3rd Conditional (past perfect structure)? I think it would sound better "... , I wouldn't call you..". I understand I can't use second conditional because situation is possible or likely or even is happening currently. Is this place again where I shouldn't pay attention to tenses used here and more to conditional description? Even for latter case, it is confusing because the situation is in present.
Tell me I am wrong here, and I really will be lost to understand situation :-D
Hi Robertas,
In any conditional sentence we have two clauses: the condition clause (generally with 'if') and the result clause. The clauses must agree in two ways:
Your question is really about the second of these requirements. As you point out, the past perfect result appears to be earlier than the condition (expressed with would + verb). However, there is a logic here. The action of calling is fixed in time: it happened in the past, so the past perfect is needed. However, the condition is not fixed in time: it is something that is generally true. The issue is an important one in general terms, not just at one moment in time.
The construction is actually quite common when the condition refers to a person's character or opinion - something we see as generally true, even through they change over time. For example:
I hope that helps to clarify it for you.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Sorry for writing again but I used not to leave confusions in my life. I understand concept which you said about general terms, for example, in this sentence: "I wouldn't have agreed to leave my job and go abroad if I didn't love you so much!" you can't love just for 1 day.
However, this sentence in my original post and your given "If he wasn't so impatient, he wouldn't have shouted at you." are different because it doesn't say anything if it is general or speaking about situation in the past or even in the present because from "The LearnEnglish Team's" answers earlier I learnt tense structure doesn't indicate in what time something happened, happens, will happen. I mean, it a lot depends from more information in context.
Hello again Robertas,
In my original reply I said this: "The construction is actually quite common when the condition refers to a person's character or opinion - something we see as generally true, even through they change over time"
In the sentence "If he wasn't so impatient, he wouldn't have shouted at you" the speaker is describing the person's character: he is an impatient person. You could, of course, choose to describe the person's action at that moment rather than their general character and in this case you would use "hadn't been". Thus, we can contrast an if-clause with a general meaning with an if-clause about an action/behaviour at a particular moment in time:
Your original sentence can be similarly read in two ways:
These are subjective assessments, of course, which is why the speaker can use either form: how they see the situation and the context will determine the form that is used.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi there!
Recently, I found this interesting sentence in one grammar book:
" If Lopez wins gold at the next Olympics, he has said that he will retire from athletics".
I know that, if we use Present Perfect in the If clause, thus we emphasize the dependency of one (main) clause on another (if-clause). Also that we can use "will" in indirect speech when we report general developments or something, that it's happening right now, and report it in a little time after someone's speech.
But this sentence looks like we cannot join both of these rules under my interpretation.
Could you please explain to me, how we use the grammar part in this sentence, namely the Report Speech in the Conditional part of the sentence, and how each part impacts to the other?
Thank you